Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Toleran Logam Berat sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Merkuri (Hg) dan Timbal (Pb)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19184/bip.v8i3.53713Keywords:
bioremediation, tolerant bacteria, heavy metal, pathogenicity, hemolysisAbstract
Pencemaran logam berat, khususnya merkuri (Hg) dan timbal (Pb), telah menjadi masalah lingkungan yang serius akibat sifatnya yang persisten dan toksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri toleran logam berat dari tanah tercemar di area penambangan emas dan kawasan industri di Banten dan Bogor, serta mengevaluasi potensi patogenitasnya. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan menggunakan media Luria Bertani (LB) yang diperkaya dengan HgCl₂ dan PbCl₂, diikuti dengan karakterisasi morfologi dan uji patogenitas pada media blood agar. Hasil penelitian berhasil mengidentifikasi 27 isolat toleran Hg dan 30 isolat toleran Pb. Sebagian besar isolat menunjukkan karakteristik morfologi adaptif berupa koloni kecil, transparan, dan tidak berpigmen. Uji patogenitas mengungkapkan bahwa 55,56% isolat toleran Hg (15 isolat) dan 73,33% isolat toleran Pb (22 isolat) bersifat patogen (β-hemolisis), sedangkan 12 isolat toleran Hg dan 3 isolat toleran Pb tergolong non-patogen (γ-hemolisis). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa isolat memiliki potensi sebagai agen bioremediasi, aspek keamanan biologis perlu diperhatikan sebelum aplikasinya di lingkungan sebagai strategi bioremediasi logam berat secara aman dan berkelanjutan.
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